If possible, have studied and passed the subject of Geography (Basic Formation).

This subject, which is integrated into Module IV of the Degree and is taught in the 3rd year, allows students to analyse the organisation and dynamism of regional spaces, on a world scale and in Spain, with an integrated vision in which the different ecological, social, historical and economic-cultural components are interrelated. It is intended to be the explanatory basis for understanding the organisation of territories, taking into account the interdependence between the different spatial scales, since local phenomena are affected by structural processes of great importance in the face of growing globalisation, although with different responses depending on the specific conditions of each region.

The subject is tied to the area of knowledge of Regional Geographic Analysis and is closely related to the mention of Studies of Letters. This course aims to provide Humanities students: Cultural History with knowledge and skills that allow them to undertake a professional career oriented towards teaching, at all levels, and basic and applied research, including Geographical Information Technologies, all without prejudice to the possibilities of job opportunities in jobs that require analysis, diagnosis and intervention on the territory at different territorial scales.In this context, graduates with geographical training have found in recent years a demand for jobs, presenting themselves as an important source of employment (Territorial Planning, inventory and management of heritage resources, local Agendas 21, Local Development Agencies, Tourist Guides, etc.).

The contents of the subject Regional Geography are distributed in three didactic units. The first, The World Space, presents the fundamentals of Regional Geography, the general aspects of the regional division of the world and the major regional socio-economic imbalances.In the second and third didactic unit, Big Regional Groupings, a presentation of the great regional spaces of the world is made by means of a general vision of the features and processes that characterize them and by means of a detailed analysis of relevant aspects in each regional grouping separating the developed territories from the underdeveloped ones.

 

Course competences
Code	Description
E03	Analysing and interpret data from research, reports and works inherent to the different disciplines of the field of study (Anthropology, Art, History, Geography, Philosophy, Language, Literature and Cultural Heritage)
E04	Understanding and using different sources of information: oral, source documents (bibliographies, records, etc.) and references from the Internet.
E06	Combining the temporal and spatial dimensions of the explanation of socio-territorial processes.
E09	Drafting different types of texts in his/her own language (both specialised and informative)
E10	Preparing, linking, summarising and representing information using graphs and maps.
E12	Discovering, identifying and interpreting the symbolic meaning of tangible culture and landscapes.
E19	Describing and interpreting rural environments and urbans systems and their correlations
E20	Analysing and interpreting comprehensively the elements and structure and how does the natural system work, as well as the regional geographical spaces.
E21	Knowing, understanding and interpreting the territory, interrelating the physical and environmental environment to the social and human sphere.
E22	Valuing the importance of the heritage resources maintained as an evidence of safeguarded memories.
E23	Knowing, analysing and comparing international, European, national and regional laws and regulations related to Heritage, Cultural Assets and Territorial Planning.
E27	Advanced use and management of information technologies.
G02	Knowledge of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)
G03	Expressing correctly in oral and written forms in his/her own language
G04	Ethical commitment and professional ethics
G05	Analysis and synthesis capacity
G06	Making assumptions to solve issued in his/her field of study
G07	Applying critical, analytical and creative thinking and proving innovative capacities
G08	Ability to work independently within a framework of individual responsibility
G09	Ability to work collaboratively with shared responsibility regarding the group's tasks
G11	Communicating ideas, problems and solutions in public or in technical contexts efficiently
G13	Sensitiveness to multiculturalism and gender-related issues
G15	Committing to the defence of human rights
G16	Understanding cultural heritage from a critical, multicultural and universalist perspective
G17	Sensitiveness to environmental issues

Course learning outcomes
Description
Knowing the geographical reality of the world, Europe and Spain.
Preparing and producing geographical information in a statistical and graphical format.
Understanding fundamental concepts related to the regional, economic and environmental characteristics of the territories analysed.
Understanding concepts, methods and techniques related to graphical and mapping representations.
Arguing and/or defending opinions based on reading and analysing the documents supplied.
Knowing the territory directly and drafting a written reflection on the interrelations of the different geographical phenomena analysed.
Analysing, arguing and organising a presentation, combining summary and explanatory development.
Communicating, using all personal resources and those of new technologies applied to teaching.
Additional outcomes
Description
- To know how to analyse, argue and organise an exhibition, combining synthesis and explanatory development. - To know how to communicate, using personal resources and new technologies applied to teaching. - To be able to make critical comments and comparative analysis of texts and materials that show the understanding of fundamental concepts related to regional characteristics, the economic and environmental impacts of the territories under study. - Elaboration of reports and works that demonstrate the knowledge of the world, European and Spanish geographical reality. - Management of concepts, methods and techniques related to graphic and cartographic representation. - Argumentation and/or defence of opinions established from the reading and analysis of the documentation provided. - Elaboration and production of geographic information in statistical and graphical format. - To acquire a direct knowledge of the territory that allows to develop written reflections on the interrelations of the different observed geographic phenomena.

• Unit 1: CONCEPTS, OBJECTIVES, METHODS, AND SCALES OF TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
  • Unit 1.1: The concept of region: concepts, objectives and contents (political region, natural region, geographical region, functional region and systemic region; other recent meanings of region). Scales and hierarchies. Regional analysis methods and techniques. The assemblies and the criteria for delimitation: uniqueness and geographical characteristics. The Interest of the Regional Geography of the World in a globalized world.
  • Unit 1.2: The explanation of inequalities: the concepts and theories of development and underdevelopment. Regional analysis of the areas developed and underdeveloped: general criteria and presentation of the most relevant problems. Development indicators: the measure of the inequalities. Global imbalances: demographic contrasts and regional socio-economic disparities.
• Unit 2: DEVELOPED REGIONS
  • Unit 2.1: Europe, a mosaic of regional diversity in the process of political-economic integration within the old continental boundaries
  • Unit 2.2: Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
  • Unit 2.3: Japan. The Japanese archipelago: a small, inhospitable and resource-poor area. Economic growth and its impact in the organization of the territory. High demographic concentration. The counterparts of the Japanese development model.
  • Unit 2.4: United States and Canada. Natural conditions as a basis for economic development. The colonization process: forms of land ownership and their spatial impact. The economic space of the world's leading economic power.
  • Unit 2.5: Australia and New Zealand. British colonization and the genesis of the new states. The decisive role of conditions natural: disadvantages and advantages. Economic activity and organization of the productive space. Characteristics of the population and model of settlements.
• Unit 3: UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS
  • Unit 3.1: Latin America. The natural environment: a space of great physical contrasts. The colonizing model of the Iberian powers: peculiarities and consequences. A society characterized by social imbalances. Urban expansion and increasing marginalization.
  • Unit 3.2: China: one country, two systems, one world economic power in full transformation.
  • Unit 3.3: South Asia and the new industrial countries of Southeast Asia. Introduction: features of unity and diversity. The the most complex society in the most populous region on Earth.
  • Unit 3.4: Near and Middle East Asia and North Africa. A natural environment marked by aridity. The selective occupation of a hostile environment: the impact of modernization on a society with traditional features. The difficulties of rural areas: between tradition and the development. A recent and accelerated industrialization linked to oil.
  • Unit 3.5: Sub-Saharan Africa, natural, human and economic contrasts in the most underdeveloped space.

Training Activity	Methodology	Related Competences (only degrees before RD 822/2021)	ECTS	Hours	As	Com	Description
Class Attendance (theory) [ON-SITE]	Lectures	E20 E21	1.12	28	N	N
Workshops or seminars [ON-SITE]	Case Studies	G08 G09 G11	0.24	6	Y	N	During the semester there will be three seminars linked to different topics of the subject. Previously, students will be given a dossier of materials and readings that they will have to read and analyze for later discussion and debate in the classroom.
Group tutoring sessions [ON-SITE]	Guided or supervised work	G09	0.6	15	N	N	Mainly linked to the follow-up of the group project of the subject on a region not explained nor analyzed during the master classes or the workshops/seminars planned.
Class Attendance (practical) [ON-SITE]	Practical or hands-on activities	G08 G09	0.28	7	Y	N	Reading, interpretation, commentary and analysis of texts, figures and maps relating to different regions of the planet.
Writing of reports or projects [OFF-SITE]	Self-study	E03 E04 E06 E09 E10 E12 E19 E20 E21 E22 E23 E27 G02 G03 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08 G09 G11 G13 G15 G16 G17	1.6	40	Y	Y	The students, either individually or in a group, will elaborate a project about a region, from a work scheme facilitated at the beginning of the course. On the scheduled dates, the student/s will deliver a digital copy of the finished work and will make a synthetic presentation in class of the main results of the same.
Final test [ON-SITE]	Assessment tests	E03 E04 E06 E09 E10 E19 E20 E21 E22	0.08	2	Y	Y	It will only be considered strictly compulsory for students who do not follow up in continuous evaluation procedure.
Analysis of articles and reviews [OFF-SITE]	Guided or supervised work	G07 G08	0.6	15	Y	Y	Students will be provided at the beginning of the course with a list of readings to choose from, from which two reviews of the selected titles will be drawn up. This content can be included in the written final examination for those students who do not follow the continuous assessment method.
Study and Exam Preparation [OFF-SITE]	Self-study	G03 G04 G05 G06 G07	1.4	35	Y	Y
Progress test [ON-SITE]	Assessment tests	G05 G06 G07	0.08	2	Y	N	Progress test on the contents of Unit 1.
Total:			6	150
Total credits of in-class work: 2.4			Total class time hours: 60
Total credits of out of class work: 3.6			Total hours of out of class work: 90

As: Assessable training activity
Com: Training activity of compulsory overcoming (It will be essential to overcome both continuous and non-continuous assessment).

Evaluation System	Continuous assessment	Non-continuous evaluation *	Description
Portfolio assessment	20.00%	0.00%	It will be valued the delivery of all the practices carried out in class, as well as the two reviews elaborated from the readings previously selected.
Assessment of active participation	15.00%	0.00%	Participation with success in class, i.e. participation in argued and reasoned discussions and debates, especially during the development of seminars and practices, which contribute to fostering the critical capacity of the materials exhibited and to demonstrating the level of knowledge acquired, will be valued.
Theoretical papers assessment	40.00%	40.00%	Elaboration and presentation in class of a project on a region selected by the students from a work script contributed by the teacher at the beginning of the course and adapted to the peculiarities of each region.
Final test	0.00%	60.00%	It will only be considered strictly compulsory for students who do not follow up in continuous evaluation procedure.
Oral presentations assessment	10.00%	0.00%	Presenting the main project of the subject in the classroom.
Progress Tests	15.00%	0.00%	Progress test on the contents of Unit 1.
Total:	100.00%	100.00%

Not related to the syllabus/contents
Hours	hours
Final test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests]	2

Unit 1 (de 3): CONCEPTS, OBJECTIVES, METHODS, AND SCALES OF TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS
Activities	Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures]	7
Group tutoring sessions [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work]	3
Class Attendance (practical) [PRESENCIAL][Practical or hands-on activities]	1
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study]	6
Analysis of articles and reviews [AUTÓNOMA][Guided or supervised work]	3
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests]	2
Teaching period: Three weeks
Group 30:
Initial date: 29-01-2024	End date: 16-02-2024

Unit 2 (de 3): DEVELOPED REGIONS
Activities	Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures]	12
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Case Studies]	2
Group tutoring sessions [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work]	6
Class Attendance (practical) [PRESENCIAL][Practical or hands-on activities]	3
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study]	17
Analysis of articles and reviews [AUTÓNOMA][Guided or supervised work]	6
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study]	15
Teaching period: Six weeks
Group 30:
Initial date: 19-02-2024	End date: 05-04-2024
Comment: Seminar on the Chinese expansion in Latin America and Africa, interests and strategies.

Unit 3 (de 3): UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS
Activities	Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures]	11
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Case Studies]	2
Group tutoring sessions [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work]	6
Class Attendance (practical) [PRESENCIAL][Practical or hands-on activities]	3
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study]	17
Analysis of articles and reviews [AUTÓNOMA][Guided or supervised work]	6
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study]	20
Teaching period: Six weeks
Group 30:
Initial date: 08-04-2024	End date: 17-05-2024
Comment: Seminar on the Spanish decolonisation processes in Africa and their legacy: Equatorial Guinea and Western Sahara.

Global activity
Activities	hours

General comments about the planning:

Delivery of individual/group project on a region. If the project is finished before the deadline (week 15), it can be submitted for correction and scoring.

Author(s)	Title	Book/Journal	Citv	Publishing house	ISBN	Year	Description	Link	Catálogo biblioteca
ALBET, A.	La nueva geografía regional o la construcción social de la región		Madrid	Universidad Complutense		1993		https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=86378
ALVAREZ COBELAS, J.R.	Geopolítica de África subsahariana		Madrid	Síntesis	9788413571324	2021
ARROYO ILERA, F.	Exclusión y subdesarrollo en el mundo contemporáneo: la otra cara de la globalización		Madrid	Síntesis	9788491711964	2018
AZCARATE LUXÁN, Blanca, AZCÁRATE LUXÁN, Mª Victoria, y SÁNCHEZ SÁNCHEZ, José	Grandes Regiones de la Tierra. Naturaleza y Sociedades		Madrid	UNED. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia	978-84-362-7149-2	2016	Bibliografía básica
BANCO MUNDIAL	Índices e indicadores de desarrollo humano. Actualización estadística de 2018		Washington, DC	World Bank		2018		http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update_es.pdf
BANCO MUNDIAL	Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change. Global Monitoring Report | 2015/2016		Washington, D.C.	World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund	978-1-4648-0669-8	2016	DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0669-8	http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-monitoring-report
BANCO MUNDIAL	World Development Indicators 2016		Washington, DC	World Bank	978-1-4648-0683-4	2016		http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0683-4
BERENTSEN, W.H.	Europa contemporánea. Un análisis geográfico		Barcelona	Omega	84-282-1162-0	2000
BERNAL-MEZA, R.	China and Latin America relations: The win-win rhetoric	Journal of China and International Relations				2016		https://doi.org/10.5278/ojs.jcir.v4i2.1588
BETHEMONT, Jacques	Géographie de la Méditerranée. Du mythe unitaire à l'espace fragmenté		Paris	Armand Colin	978-2200354169	2008
BLACK, Jeremy	Mapas de guerra: cartografiando conflictos a través de los siglos		Madrid. España	Editorial Libsa	9788466237109	2019
BREGOLAT, E.	La segunda revolución china		Barcelona	Destino	978-84-233-3919-8	2007
BROSSAT, Ian	Airbnb, la ciudad uberizada		Pamplona. España	Katakrak Luburuak	9788416946259	2019
CALLIGÉ, L.	De l'eau et de la paix : conflit et coopération israélo-palestiniens		Paris	L'Harmattan	978-2-296-06101-9	2008
CARIOU, A.	L¿Asie Centrale. Territoires, sociétés et environnement		París. Francia	Armand Colin Editeur	9782200601140	2016
CATTAN, N. et al.	Le système des villes européennes		París	Anthropos	2-7178-3898-8	1999
CHEN, C. K.	China in Africa: a threat to African countries?	The Strategic Review for Southern Africa				2016		https://doi.org/10.35293/srsa.v38i2.250
CLAWSON, D.L. et al.	World Regional Geography. A Development Approach		New Jersey	Prentice Hall	978-0131015326	2001
CÓZAR ESCALANTE, José Manuel de	El Antropoceno, tecnología, naturaleza y condición humana		Madrid. España	Los Libros de la Catarata	9788490976296	2019
DALMAU, Eduard	El porqué de los mapas		Barcelona	Debate	978-8418006173	2021
DEBLONDE, J.-M.	Géopolitique du conflit israélo-palestinien: les hommes, la terre et l'eau		Paris	Ellipses	978-2-7298-4269-7	2009
DODDS, Klaus	Geopolítica. Una breve introducción		Barcelona	Antoni Bosch Editor	978-8412106350	2021
DREVET, Jean-François	Histoire de la politique régionale de l¿Union européenne		París	Belin Editions	978-2-7011-4678-2	2008
FERGUSON, Y. H. y MANSBACH, R.W.	Globalization: the return of borders to a borderless world?			Routledge	978-0415521970	2012
FOOT, R. y WALTER, A.	China, the United States, and Global Order			Cambridge University Press	978-0521725194	2011
GARCÍA ALVARADO, J. M. y NAVARRO MADRID, A.	Guerra, hambre, enfermedad y emigración: cuatro factores clave de la demografía africana actual		Madrid	Universidad Complutense	978-84-96702-18-9	2007	Gutiérrez Ronco, S. y Sanz Donaire, J.J. (coordinadores). pp. 279-306
GARCÍA CAMARERO, Julio	Ciudadanos y 'ruralanos'		Madrid. España	Los Libros de la Catarata	9788490976555	2019
GIL PÉREZ, J.	Geopolítica de Asia y el Indo-Pacífico		Madrid	Síntesis	9788491714569	2020
GOEURY, D. y SIERRA, P.	Introduction à l'analyse des territoires. concepts, outils, applications		París	Armand Colin Editeur	9782200293024	2016
GURRIARÁN, J. A.	Armenios: el genocidio olvidado		Madrid	Espasa Calpe	978-84-670-2809-6	2008
GÓMEZ MENDOZA, J.	Un mundo de regiones. Geografía Regional de geometría variable		Madrid	Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles		2001	Bibliografía básica	http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1122494
HERRERO OLARTE, Susana	Regionalismo abierto y nueva integración, ¿qué modelo genera más integración comercial en Sudamérica?	Cuadernos geográficos de la Universidad de Granada, vol. 56 (2), pp. 94-110.	Granada	Universidad de Granada	ISSN 0210-5462	2017		http://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/cuadgeo/article/view/5254
JENKINS, R.	How China is reshaping the global economy: Development impacts in Africa and Latin America		Oxford	Oxford University Press	978-0-19-286635-6	2022
KAPLAN, Robert D.	La venganza de la geografía. Cómo los mapas condicionan el destino de las naciones		Barcelona	R.B.A. Libros S.A.	978-84-9056-003-7	2013
LACOSTE, Y.	Atlas géopolitique. Pour comprendre le monde d'aujourd'hui		París	Librairie Larousse	9782036015289	2022
LEWIS, G.	Balfour and Weizmann: the Zionist, the zealot and the emergence of Israel			Continuum	978-1847250407	2009
LOIS-GONZÁLEZ, Rubén C., GARCÍA DELGADO, F. J., FELICIDADES GARCÍA, J., & DE LA ROSA MARTÍNEZ, M.	Origen geográfico de los solicitantes de asilo y concesiones de Protección internacional en España entre 2008 y 2018	Revista Geográfica de América Central	Heredia, Costa Rica			2021	Revista Geográfica de América Central, (66), 226-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.66-1.9	https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?pid=S2215-25632021000100226&script=sci_arttext
LOYER, B.	Introducción a la Geopolítica		Madrid	Síntesis	9788413572055	2022
LUENGO, F.	La economía de los países del Este. Autarquía, desintegración e inserción en el mercado mundial		Madrid	Síntesis	978-8477387091	1999
LÓPEZ-DAVADILLO LARREA, Julio y MARTÍN RODA, Eva Mª	Geopolitica. claves para entender un mundo cambiante		Madrid	Editorial Universitaria Ramón Areces	978-84-99610887	2012
MANZANO ITURA, Karen Isabel	Representaciones geopolíticas: Chile y Argentina en campos de hielo sur				ISSN-e 2395-9134	2016		file:///C:/Users/carmen.vazquez/Downloads/Dialnet-RepresentacionesGeopoliticas-5294032%20(4).pdf
MARCU, Silvia	Geopolítica de Rusia y Europa Oriental		Madrid	Síntesis	978-8413570655	2021
MARCU, Silvia	Geografías de la movilidad humana en el siglo XXI jóvenes de la Europa del Este en España		Madrid. España	Universidad Complutense de Madrid. (UCM)	9788466935760	2018
MARSHALL, T.	Prisoners of geography. Ten maps that tell you everything you need to know about global politics		Londres	Elliott & Thompson Limited	9781783961412	2015
MARTÍN RUIZ, J. F.	El nuevo orden geoeconómico mundial: la pobreza de África y sus factores		Madrid	Universidad Complutense		2007		http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/AGUC/article/view/AGUC0707220077A/30887
MARTÍN-RODA, E.M.	Geopolítica de los recursos energéticos		Madrid	Síntesis	9788413571348	2021
MÉNDEZ GUTIERREZ, R. y MOLINERO, F.	Espacios y sociedades. Introducción a la geografía regional del mundo		Barcelona	Ariel	978-84-344-3457-8	2002	Bibliografía básica
MÉNDEZ, Ricardo	Sitiados por la pandemia. Del colapso a la reconstrucción: apuntes geográficos		Madrid	Revives		2020		http://revives.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SITIADOS-POR-LA-PANDEMIA.pdf
MÍAN, Marzio G.	Ártico, la batalla por el Gran Norte		Barcelona. España	Editorial Ariel	9788434429512	2019
NARANJO OROVIO, C. & PUIG-SAMPER, M.A.	Color, raza y racialización en América y El Caribe		Madrid	Los Libros de la Catarata	9788413524665	2022
NOGUÉ I FONT, J. y VICENTE, J.	Geopolítica, identidad y globalización		Barcelona	Ariel	84-344-3471-7	2001	Bibliografía básica
PALAZUELOS, E. y VARA, Mª J.	Grandes áreas de la economía mundial		Barcelona	Ariel	978-8434421875	2002
PLAZA GUTIÉRREZ, J.I., GARCÍA ÁLVAREZ, J. & TORRES ALFONSEA, F.J.	Geopolítica de la Unión Europea		Madrid	Síntesis	9788413571379	2021
PNUD	Human Development Report 2015. Work for Human Development		New York	United Nations Development Programme	978-92-1-126398-5	2015		http://www.undp.org/content/undp/es/home/librarypage/hdr/2015-human-development-report.html
PNUD	Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio. Informe de 2015		New York	Naciones Unidas		2015		http://www.undp.org/content/undp/es/home/librarypage/mdg/the-millennium-development-goals-report-2015/
ROWNTREE, L.; LEWIS, M.; PRICE, M. y WYCKOFF, W.	Diversity amid Globalization. World Regions, Environment, Development		New Jersey	Prentice Hall	978-0321910066	2000
ROY, O.	Afghanistan: la difficile reconstruction d'un Etat		Paris	Institut d'Etudes de Sécurité		2004		http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/cp073.pdf
SASSEN, Saskia	Una sociología de la globalización		Buenos Aires	Katz	978-84-935432-6-6	2007
SMITH, Stephen	La huida hacia Europa. La joven África en marcha hacia el Viejo Continente		Barcelona. España	Arpa Editores	9788417623043	2019
SOKOL, M. & PATACCINI, L.	Winners and Losers in Coronavirus Times: Financialisation, Financial Chains and Emerging Economic Geographies of the COVID-19 Pandemic	Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie		John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Dutch Geographical Society		2020	Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 401¿415	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/tesg.12433
SÁNCHEZ MATEOS, Elvira	El nuevo marco geopolítico de Oriente Medio	Política y sociedad	Madrid	Universidad Complutense		2018	Política y sociedad, 55(3), 673-692.	https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Elvira-Sanchez-2/publication/329791443_El_nuevo_marco_geopolitico_de_Oriente_Medio/links/5ca64ade92851c64bd50a746/El-nuevo-marco-geopolitico-de-Oriente-Medio.pdf
SÁNCHEZ, J. J.	El crecimiento de la población mundial: implicaciones socioeconómicas, ecológicas y éticas		Valencia	Tirant Lo Blanc	978-84-9876-123-8	2008
TAPIA RAMÍREZ, Isidoro	Un planeta diferente, un mundo nuevo		Barcelona	Ediciones Deusto	978-8423432516	2021
TOVAR RUIZ, J.	La política internacional de las grandes potencias		Madrid	Síntesis	9788413571386	2021
UNITED NATIONS	World Population Prospects 2019		New York. USA	Department of Economic and Social Affairs		2019		https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_DataBooklet.pdf
UNITED NATIONS Development Programme	Human Development Report 2020. The next frontier. Human development and the Anthropocene		New York	United Nations		2020	https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2020	https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2020
URDIALES VIEDMA, M. E.	Transición hacia un nuevo orden geopolítico mundial en el umbral del siglo XXI		Barcelona	Universidad de Barcelona		2007		http://www.ub.es/geocrit/-xcol/262.htm#_ednref5
URDIALES VIEDMA, M.E.	Geopolítica del Mediterráneo		Madrid	Síntesis	9788413571485	2021
WALLERSTEIN, I. M.	Geopolítica y geocultura: ensayos sobre el moderno sistema mundial			Kairós	978-84-7245-637-2	2007
XIAOBO, W.	La China emergente. La transformación del gigante asiático desde dentro		Madrid	Kailas editorial	978-84-89624-65-8	2009