Guías Docentes Electrónicas
1. General information
Course:
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
Code:
57314
Type:
CORE COURSE
ECTS credits:
6
Degree:
409 - CHEMISTRY
Academic year:
2022-23
Center:
1 - FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Group(s):
20  23 
Year:
2
Duration:
C2
Main language:
Spanish
Second language:
Use of additional languages:
English Friendly:
Y
Web site:
Bilingual:
N
Lecturer: MARIA DEL PILAR PRIETO NUÑEZ-POLO - Group(s): 20 
Building/Office
Department
Phone number
Email
Office hours
San Alberto Magno
QUÍMICA INORG., ORG., Y BIOQ.
+34926052615
mariapilar.prieto@uclm.es
Wednesday and Thursday from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.

Lecturer: JUAN TEJEDA SOJO - Group(s): 23 
Building/Office
Department
Phone number
Email
Office hours
S. Alberto Magno
QUÍMICA INORG., ORG., Y BIOQ.
926042526
juan.tejeda@uclm.es
Wednesday and Thursday from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.

2. Pre-Requisites

It is recommended to have passed the ground level course “Química” and to be enrolled in the course “Química Orgánica I”

3. Justification in the curriculum, relation to other subjects and to the profession

The course “Química Orgánica II” is included in the module of Fundamentals of Chemistry in the Degree of Chemistry. It is designed to develop the concepts and fundamental data of Organic Chemistry. Lessons also show the experimental evidence that supports the main organic chemistry concepts, and to apply these data and concepts to the resolution of chemical problems. The course also points to the rapid evolution of this area and how it plays as a key role in modern technological developments in very diverse fields, from biology to materials science, influencing in a fundamental way all aspects of daily life.

“Química Orgánica II” is a compulsory, semester-long course, taught in the second year, which introduces the fundamentals of the different areas of chemistry. It consists of 6 theoretical credits. It could be considered as the second part of “Química Orgánica I”, and it is devoted to study the reactivity of the different functional groups, showing the main reaction mechanisms of the main types of organic compounds. At the same time, it tries to generate in the students the capacity to value the importance of Organic Chemistry in their daily life.


4. Degree competences achieved in this course
Course competences
Code Description
CB02 Apply their knowledge to their job or vocation in a professional manner and show that they have the competences to construct and justify arguments and solve problems within their subject area.
E01 Understand and use chemical terminology, nomenclature, conventions and units
E02 Deduce the variation of the properties of the chemical elements according to the Periodic Table
E03 Handle chemicals safely and with respect to the environment
E05 Know the chemical elements and their compounds, their forms of obtaining, structure, properties and reactivity, as well as the main techniques for their analysis
E06 Know the structural properties of chemical compounds, including stereochemistry, as well as the main structural research techniques
E07 Relate macroscopic properties with those of atoms, molecules and non-molecular chemical compounds
E09 Know the kinetics of chemical change, including catalysis and reaction mechanisms
E15 Know how to handle the standard chemical instrumentation and be able to elaborate and manage standardized procedures of work in the laboratory and chemical industry
E16 Plan, design and develop projects and experiments
E17 Develop the ability to relate to each other the different specialties of Chemistry, as well as this one with other disciplines (interdisciplinary character)
G01 Know the principles and theories of Chemistry, as well as the methodologies and applications characteristic of analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry, understanding the physical and mathematical bases that require
G02 Be able to gather and interpret data, information and relevant results, obtain conclusions and issue reasoned reports on scientific, technological or other problems that require the use of chemical tools
G03 Know how to apply the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired in the different professional contexts of Chemistry
G04 Know how to communicate, orally and in writing, the knowledge, procedures and results of chemistry, both specialized and non-specialized
G05 Acquire and adapt new knowledge and techniques of any scientific-technical discipline with incidence in the chemical field
T03 Proper oral and written communication
T06 Ability to approach decision making
T07 Ability to work as a team and, where appropriate, exercise leadership functions, fostering the entrepreneurial character
T09 Motivation for quality, job security and awareness of environmental issues, with knowledge of internationally recognized systems for the correct management of these aspects
T10 Ability to use specific software for chemistry at user level
T11 Ability to obtain bibliographic information, including Internet resources
5. Objectives or Learning Outcomes
Course learning outcomes
Description
Know the main aspects of the terminology and nomenclature in Organic Chemistry
Recognize the main reactive intermediates and the influence of stereoelectronic effects on their stability and reactivity
Know how to apply the knowledge of Organic Chemistry to the solution of synthetic and structural problems
Know the basic principles of Organic Chemistry.
To ensure that the student is able to search and select information in the field of Organic Chemistry and that he / she is capable of processing and presenting it adequately both orally and in writing, developing his / her synthesis capacity, being critical and objective
To develop in the student the capacity of initiative to pose and solve concrete problems of Organic Chemistry, as well as to interpret the obtained results
Develop your ability to work as a team.
Acquire an awareness of environmental protection developing the idea that Organic Chemistry should be used to improve the quality of life.
Know the stereochemistry of organic compounds and the stereoselectivity of the main reactions.
Know the structure of the main organic functional groups
Know the utility of the spectroscopic techniques in Organic Chemistry
Additional outcomes
Not established.
6. Units / Contents
  • Unit 1: ALKYL HALIDES. Classification and nomenclature. Physical properties. Preparation by alkane halogenation: mechanism. Regioselectivity. Allylic halogenation. Synthesis from alcohols
  • Unit 2: REACTIVITY OF ALKYL HALIDES: Influencing factors on SN2 reaction rate. Unimolecular substitution reaction (SN1). Stereochemistry and kinetics. Mechanism. Influencing factors on SN1 reaction rate. Elimination reactions on alkyl halides. E2 and E1 mechanisms: kinetics, approaches, and stereochemistry. Influencing factors on elimination. Substitution-elimination competition.
  • Unit 3: ARYL HALIDES. Origin, bonds, physical properties. Reactions of aryl halides. Nucleophilic susbstitution on aryl halides: addition-elimination mechanism. Related nucleophilic substitution reactions. Elimination-addition mechanism. Benzyne. Diels-Alder reaction on benzyne.
  • Unit 4: ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. Carbon-Metal bonds in organometallic compounds. Nomenclature. Organolithium compounds. Grignard¿s reagents. Organolithium and organomagnesium compounds as Brønsted¿s bases. Synthesis of aliphatic and acetylenic alcohols. Alkane synthesis by using organocopper compounds. Simmons-Smith reation: Carbenes and carbenoids.
  • Unit 5: ALCOHOLS, DIOLS Y THIOLS. Nomenclature. Structure ans physical properties. Hydrogen bonds. Spectroscopic features of alcohols. Origin of alcohols. Fuentes de alcoholes. Synthesis of alcohols: Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxilic acids and esters. Alcohols from epoxides. Synthesis of diols. Acidity of alcohols. Alcoxides preparation. Reactivity of alcohols: ether synthesis. Esterification. Oxidation. Oxidative rupture of vicinal diols. Dehydration of alcohol. Alkyl halides from alcohols. Thiols: synthesis, physical and chemical properties.
  • Unit 6: PHENOLS. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of phenols. Synthetic and natural origin of phenols. Acidity: substitution effects. Phenol reactivity: aromatic electrophilic substitutuion. Acylation of phenols Aspirine: carboxylation of phenols, Kolbe -Schmitt reaction. Preparation of arylethers. Oxidation of phenols: quinones.
  • Unit 7: ETHERS, EPOXIDES AND SULFURES. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of ethers. Crown-ethers. Synthesis of ethers. Reactivity: acid-catalysed bond rupture. Rupture of aryl ethers by hydracids. Claisen rearrangement of alylaryl ethers. Synthesis of epoxides. Reactions: basic and acid catalysed ring opening. Biological processes involving epoxides. Synthesis of sulfures. Oxidation: sulfoxides and sulfones. Alkylation of sulfures: sulfonium salts.
  • Unit 8: AMINES AND NITROGEN DERIVATIVES. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of amines. Basicity. Tetraalkylammonium salt as phase transfer catalysis agents. Preparation of amines: ammonia alkylation, Gabriel¿s synthesis, reductions yielding amines, reductive amination. Hofmann¿s rearrangement. Reactivity: N-alkylation, Hofmann¿s elimination, N-acylation, aromatic electrophilic substitution on anilines, nitrosation of alkyl- and arylamines, substitution on diazonium salts, diazonium salts as electrophiles. Nitrocompounds. Nitro-aci tautomerism. Synthesis of nitrocompunds. ¿-H acidity. Nef¿s reaction. Reduction.
  • Unit 9: ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION TO CARBONYL GROUP. Nomenclature. Bond and structure: carbonyl group. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of aldehydes and ketones. Origin and Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones. Reactivity: nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group. Reaction with: water and alcohols. Ketals as protecting groups. Reaction with hydrogen cyanide. Reaction with Grignard¿s reagents. Reaction with primary amines: nuclephilic addition-elimination. Reaction with secondary amine: enamines. Reaction with hydroxylamine: oximes. Beckmann¿s rearrangement. Reaction with hydrazine; hydrazones. Wittig¿s reaction. Oxidation of aldehydes. Baeyer-Villiger¿s oxidation of ketones. Reduction of aldehydes and ketones. Cannizaro¿s reaction.
  • Unit 10: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of carboxylic acids. Acidity.Dicarboxylic acids. Carbonic acid. Origin and synthesis. Reactivity. Esterification: mechanism. Intramolecular ester formation: lactones. Decarboxylation of malonic acid and related compounds.
  • Unit 11: CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUION ON ACYL. Clasification. Structure and physical properties. Spectroscopic features. Reactivity (nucleophilic substitution): hydrolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, reduction. Reaction with organometallic compounds. Synthesis.
  • Unit 12: ENOLS AND ENOLATES. Acidity of ¿-hydrogen atoms. Keto-enol tautomerism. HAlogenation of aldehydes and ketones. Haloform¿s reaction. ¿-Halogenation of carboxylic acids: Hell-Volhardt-Zelinsky¿s reaction. Base-catalysed enol formation. Enolate anions, alkylation. Aldol condensation. ¿¿¿-unsaturated carbonyl compouds. 1,2- and 1,4- nucleophylic addition. Michael¿s addition and Robinson¿s annelation.
  • Unit 13: ENOLATES OF ESTERS AND OTHER ACID DERIVATIVES. Condensation of: Claisen, Thorpe, Knoevenagel and Perkin. Dieckman¿s condensation. Acetoacetic and Malonic synthesis. Depronotanion of carbonyl compund by lithium dialkylamidure.
  • Unit 14: NITROCOMPUESTOS. Estructure, acidity, nitro-aci tautomerism, synthesis and reactivity
7. Activities, Units/Modules and Methodology
Training Activity Methodology Related Competences (only degrees before RD 822/2021) ECTS Hours As Com Description
Class Attendance (theory) [ON-SITE] Lectures CB02 E01 E03 E06 E07 E09 E15 G01 G02 G03 G05 1.16 29 N N Face-to-face teaching theoretical classes and resolution of examples
Problem solving and/or case studies [ON-SITE] Guided or supervised work E01 E07 T03 T07 T09 T11 0.96 24 Y N Resolution of exercises and case studies
Study and Exam Preparation [OFF-SITE] Self-study CB02 E01 E02 E07 G01 G02 2.72 68 N N Continuous study for the realization of the seminars and the understanding of the subject.
Progress test [ON-SITE] Assessment tests E01 E07 T03 T07 T09 T11 0.08 2 Y N In this activity, the student must demonstrate that he is acquiring, progressively, the basic concepts of Organic Chemistry.
Final test [ON-SITE] Assessment tests E01 E07 T03 T07 T09 T11 0.08 2 Y Y In this test, the student must demonstrate their knowledge of Organic Chemistry.
Study and Exam Preparation [OFF-SITE] Self-study CB02 E06 E07 E09 E17 G01 G02 G03 G05 T03 1 25 N N Preparation of evaluations
Total: 6 150
Total credits of in-class work: 2.28 Total class time hours: 57
Total credits of out of class work: 3.72 Total hours of out of class work: 93

As: Assessable training activity
Com: Training activity of compulsory overcoming (It will be essential to overcome both continuous and non-continuous assessment).

8. Evaluation criteria and Grading System
Evaluation System Continuous assessment Non-continuous evaluation * Description
Final test 65.00% 100.00% The final grade of the exam may be increased as a result of the dedication in the criterion "resolution of problems or cases"
Assessment of problem solving and/or case studies 15.00% 0.00% The student's participation in solving problems in class will be assessed and will account for 15% of the final mark.
Progress Tests 20.00% 0.00% Students who choose the continuous evaluation will have to take a first test of 2 hours towards the middle of the subject. Students who achieve a grade equal to or higher than 4 points will be able to take a second test, coinciding with the final exam. This test will include the knowledge worked in the second part of the course, although, given the nature of the subject, it will be necessary to use the knowledge acquired in the first part to pass this second test. It will be necessary to achieve a score equal to or higher than 4 points to be able to average with the first test. Those students who achieve a mark equal to or higher than 5 points on average, considering the marks of both exams and the resolution of problems and cases, will pass the course in the ordinary exam. Students who have not passed the first exam must take the final exam, which includes the complete subject matter.
Total: 100.00% 100.00%  
According to art. 4 of the UCLM Student Evaluation Regulations, it must be provided to students who cannot regularly attend face-to-face training activities the passing of the subject, having the right (art. 12.2) to be globally graded, in 2 annual calls per subject , an ordinary and an extraordinary one (evaluating 100% of the competences).

Evaluation criteria for the final exam:
  • Continuous assessment:
    The continuous assessment mark will be calculated on the basis of the criteria set out above: 65% final exam + 15% problem solving + 20% progress tests. The approved subject will be considered if the overall qualification obtained is at least 5, requiring a minimum of 4 in each of the parts to make the weighted average.
  • Non-continuous evaluation:
    The mark for the non-continuous assessment shall be the mark for the final examination. The approved subject will be considered if the overall qualification obtained is at least 5.

Specifications for the resit/retake exam:
A single test will be carried out, requiring a minimum of 5 to pass the subject.
Specifications for the second resit / retake exam:
Evaluation criteria not defined
9. Assignments, course calendar and important dates
Not related to the syllabus/contents
Hours hours
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 68
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] 2
Final test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] 2
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 25

Unit 1 (de 14): ALKYL HALIDES. Classification and nomenclature. Physical properties. Preparation by alkane halogenation: mechanism. Regioselectivity. Allylic halogenation. Synthesis from alcohols
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 2
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 1

Unit 2 (de 14): REACTIVITY OF ALKYL HALIDES: Influencing factors on SN2 reaction rate. Unimolecular substitution reaction (SN1). Stereochemistry and kinetics. Mechanism. Influencing factors on SN1 reaction rate. Elimination reactions on alkyl halides. E2 and E1 mechanisms: kinetics, approaches, and stereochemistry. Influencing factors on elimination. Substitution-elimination competition.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 3
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 3

Unit 3 (de 14): ARYL HALIDES. Origin, bonds, physical properties. Reactions of aryl halides. Nucleophilic susbstitution on aryl halides: addition-elimination mechanism. Related nucleophilic substitution reactions. Elimination-addition mechanism. Benzyne. Diels-Alder reaction on benzyne.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 1
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 2

Unit 4 (de 14): ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. Carbon-Metal bonds in organometallic compounds. Nomenclature. Organolithium compounds. Grignard¿s reagents. Organolithium and organomagnesium compounds as Brønsted¿s bases. Synthesis of aliphatic and acetylenic alcohols. Alkane synthesis by using organocopper compounds. Simmons-Smith reation: Carbenes and carbenoids.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 2
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 1

Unit 5 (de 14): ALCOHOLS, DIOLS Y THIOLS. Nomenclature. Structure ans physical properties. Hydrogen bonds. Spectroscopic features of alcohols. Origin of alcohols. Fuentes de alcoholes. Synthesis of alcohols: Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxilic acids and esters. Alcohols from epoxides. Synthesis of diols. Acidity of alcohols. Alcoxides preparation. Reactivity of alcohols: ether synthesis. Esterification. Oxidation. Oxidative rupture of vicinal diols. Dehydration of alcohol. Alkyl halides from alcohols. Thiols: synthesis, physical and chemical properties.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 2
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 2

Unit 6 (de 14): PHENOLS. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of phenols. Synthetic and natural origin of phenols. Acidity: substitution effects. Phenol reactivity: aromatic electrophilic substitutuion. Acylation of phenols Aspirine: carboxylation of phenols, Kolbe -Schmitt reaction. Preparation of arylethers. Oxidation of phenols: quinones.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 1
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 1

Unit 7 (de 14): ETHERS, EPOXIDES AND SULFURES. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of ethers. Crown-ethers. Synthesis of ethers. Reactivity: acid-catalysed bond rupture. Rupture of aryl ethers by hydracids. Claisen rearrangement of alylaryl ethers. Synthesis of epoxides. Reactions: basic and acid catalysed ring opening. Biological processes involving epoxides. Synthesis of sulfures. Oxidation: sulfoxides and sulfones. Alkylation of sulfures: sulfonium salts.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 2
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 1

Unit 8 (de 14): AMINES AND NITROGEN DERIVATIVES. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of amines. Basicity. Tetraalkylammonium salt as phase transfer catalysis agents. Preparation of amines: ammonia alkylation, Gabriel¿s synthesis, reductions yielding amines, reductive amination. Hofmann¿s rearrangement. Reactivity: N-alkylation, Hofmann¿s elimination, N-acylation, aromatic electrophilic substitution on anilines, nitrosation of alkyl- and arylamines, substitution on diazonium salts, diazonium salts as electrophiles. Nitrocompounds. Nitro-aci tautomerism. Synthesis of nitrocompunds. ¿-H acidity. Nef¿s reaction. Reduction.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 4
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 3

Unit 9 (de 14): ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION TO CARBONYL GROUP. Nomenclature. Bond and structure: carbonyl group. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of aldehydes and ketones. Origin and Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones. Reactivity: nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group. Reaction with: water and alcohols. Ketals as protecting groups. Reaction with hydrogen cyanide. Reaction with Grignard¿s reagents. Reaction with primary amines: nuclephilic addition-elimination. Reaction with secondary amine: enamines. Reaction with hydroxylamine: oximes. Beckmann¿s rearrangement. Reaction with hydrazine; hydrazones. Wittig¿s reaction. Oxidation of aldehydes. Baeyer-Villiger¿s oxidation of ketones. Reduction of aldehydes and ketones. Cannizaro¿s reaction.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 3
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 2

Unit 10 (de 14): CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. Nomenclature. Bond and structure. Physical properties. Spectroscopic features of carboxylic acids. Acidity.Dicarboxylic acids. Carbonic acid. Origin and synthesis. Reactivity. Esterification: mechanism. Intramolecular ester formation: lactones. Decarboxylation of malonic acid and related compounds.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 2
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 1

Unit 11 (de 14): CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUION ON ACYL. Clasification. Structure and physical properties. Spectroscopic features. Reactivity (nucleophilic substitution): hydrolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, reduction. Reaction with organometallic compounds. Synthesis.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 2
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 2

Unit 12 (de 14): ENOLS AND ENOLATES. Acidity of ¿-hydrogen atoms. Keto-enol tautomerism. HAlogenation of aldehydes and ketones. Haloform¿s reaction. ¿-Halogenation of carboxylic acids: Hell-Volhardt-Zelinsky¿s reaction. Base-catalysed enol formation. Enolate anions, alkylation. Aldol condensation. ¿¿¿-unsaturated carbonyl compouds. 1,2- and 1,4- nucleophylic addition. Michael¿s addition and Robinson¿s annelation.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 3
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 2

Unit 13 (de 14): ENOLATES OF ESTERS AND OTHER ACID DERIVATIVES. Condensation of: Claisen, Thorpe, Knoevenagel and Perkin. Dieckman¿s condensation. Acetoacetic and Malonic synthesis. Depronotanion of carbonyl compund by lithium dialkylamidure.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 2
Problem solving and/or case studies [PRESENCIAL][Guided or supervised work] 3

Global activity
Activities hours
10. Bibliography and Sources
Author(s) Title Book/Journal Citv Publishing house ISBN Year Description Link Catálogo biblioteca
 
 
 
Bruice, P. Y. Organic Chemistry Prentice Hall 1998  
Carey, F.A. Química Orgánica McGraw Hill  
Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S. Organic Chemistry Oxford University Press 2012 www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/orc/clayden2e  
Enrique Díez-Barra y Sonia Merino Guijarro Química Orgánica General en Problemas Libro Cuenca Ediciones Castilla-La Mancha 978-84-9044-41 2020  
García Calvo-Flores, F. y Doblado Jiménez, J. A., Problemas resueltos de Química Orgánica Thomson  
Maria Valeria D'Auria Guía razonada para resolver problemas de química orgánica. métodos, estrategias y explicaciones Libro LoghìA 8895122453 2018  
McMurry, J. Química Orgánica Thomson  
Meislich, H.; Nechamkin, H.; Sharefkin, J. y Hademenos G., Química Orgánica (1806 problemas resueltos) McGraw Hill  
Morrison, R. T. y Boyd, R. N., Química Orgánica Addison-Wesley  
Quiñoa, E. Nomenclatura y representación de los compuestos orgánicos: una guía de estudio y autoevaluación McGraw Hill  
Riguera, R. y Quiñoa, E. Cuestiones y Ejercicios de Química Orgánica McGraw Hill  
Solomons, T. W. G. Química Orgánica Wiley, New York,  
Vollhardt, K. P. Química Orgánica Editorial Omega, Barcelona  
Wade, L.G. Química Orgánica Prentice-Hall  



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