Guías Docentes Electrónicas
1. General information
Course:
PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY V: ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND MACROMO
Code:
57325
Type:
CORE COURSE
ECTS credits:
6
Degree:
398 - UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMME IN CHEMISTRY
Academic year:
2020-21
Center:
1 - FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Group(s):
20  23 
Year:
3
Duration:
C2
Main language:
Spanish
Second language:
English
Use of additional languages:
English Friendly:
Y
Web site:
Bilingual:
N
Lecturer: JOSE ALBALADEJO PEREZ - Group(s): 20  23 
Building/Office
Department
Phone number
Email
Office hours
EDIFICIO MARIE CURIE, 2ª PLANTA
QUÍMICA FÍSICA
3451
jose.albaladejo@uclm.es

Lecturer: FRANCISCO JAVIER POBLETE MARTIN - Group(s): 20  23 
Building/Office
Department
Phone number
Email
Office hours
EDIFICIO MARIE CURIE 2ª PLANTA, DESPACHOS 2.03
QUÍMICA FÍSICA
926052177
fcojavier.poblete@uclm.es
Wednesday and Thursday: 9:00h-11:00h and 12:30h-13:30h

2. Pre-Requisites

It is recommended to take this subject once the subjects of Physical Chemistry I and II of the second year have been passed. It is also considered important to take this subject simultaneously or later to the subject Physical Chemistry IV. It is considered very important for student learning process to respect the order of the subjects established in the curriculum.

3. Justification in the curriculum, relation to other subjects and to the profession

The subject of Physical Chemistry V is the last scheduled subject of the Physical Chemistry Matter and it shows the importance of surfaces in chemistry. Thus, we start by reviewing the superficial phenomena and studying the processes of adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis in topic 1, going on in topic 2 to make an introduction to the study of macromolecules and colloidal systems, whose properties are determined in large part by its high surface. The rest of the subject is devoted to reviewing the essential aspects of Electrochemistry, a branch of Physical Chemistry that studies the behavior of electrolyte solutions and the electrode processes that occur on a surface, both in equilibrium and its kinetic behavior. It has as fundamental fact the transport of charge from one phase to another, then it is, therefore, a branch of surface chemistry. Electrochemical kinetics and heterogeneous catalysis can also be considered part of the Chemical Kinetics that is studied in the subject of Physical Chemistry IV.


4. Degree competences achieved in this course
Course competences
Code Description
CB01 Prove that they have acquired and understood knowledge in a subject area that derives from general secondary education and is appropriate to a level based on advanced course books, and includes updated and cutting-edge aspects of their field of knowledge.
CB05 Have developed the necessary learning abilities to carry on studying autonomously
E09 Know the kinetics of chemical change, including catalysis and reaction mechanisms
E14 Know and know how to apply the metrology of chemical processes, including quality management
E15 Know how to handle the standard chemical instrumentation and be able to elaborate and manage standardized procedures of work in the laboratory and chemical industry
E16 Plan, design and develop projects and experiments
E17 Develop the ability to relate to each other the different specialties of Chemistry, as well as this one with other disciplines (interdisciplinary character)
G01 Know the principles and theories of Chemistry, as well as the methodologies and applications characteristic of analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry, understanding the physical and mathematical bases that require
G02 Be able to gather and interpret data, information and relevant results, obtain conclusions and issue reasoned reports on scientific, technological or other problems that require the use of chemical tools
G03 Know how to apply the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired in the different professional contexts of Chemistry
G04 Know how to communicate, orally and in writing, the knowledge, procedures and results of chemistry, both specialized and non-specialized
T03 Proper oral and written communication
T07 Ability to work as a team and, where appropriate, exercise leadership functions, fostering the entrepreneurial character
T09 Motivation for quality, job security and awareness of environmental issues, with knowledge of internationally recognized systems for the correct management of these aspects
T11 Ability to obtain bibliographic information, including Internet resources
5. Objectives or Learning Outcomes
Course learning outcomes
Description
Ability to search, understand and use relevant bibliographic and technical information.
Ability to correctly use scientific language.
Know the foundation and applications of transport phenomena, surface phenomena and macromolecular and colloidal systems.
Dexterity in the analysis of errors of the magnitudes measured in the laboratory and in the use of computer programs for the treatment of experimental data.
Have a basic knowledge of electrochemical phenomena and their technological applications.
Additional outcomes
Description
Ability to interpret the equilibrium properties of electrolyte solutions.
Ability to determine thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions by potentiometry.
6. Units / Contents
  • Unit 1: Topic 1 SURFACE CHEMISTRY: HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS. The interface: surface tension. Curved interfaces. Capillarity. Thermodynamics of surfaces: Gibbs equation. Adsorption of gases on solids: physisorption and chemisorption. Adsorption isotherms: Langmuir isotherm. Heterogeneous catalysis. Mechanisms of Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal.
  • Unit 2: Topic 2 MACROMOLECULES AND AGGREGATES. Classification of macromolecules. Polymerization mechanisms. Distribution and average values of molar masses. Conformation of macromolecules: models. Characterization techniques of macromolecules in solution. Colloids: classification, structure and stability.
  • Unit 3: Topic 3 ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS. Classification of electrolytes. Ion-solvent interactions. Enthalpy and entropy of solvation. Chemical potential of electrolyte solutions. Average ionic activity coefficients. Ion-ion interactions: Debye-Hückel theory. Concentrated solutions. Ionic association.
  • Unit 4: Topic 4 CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS. Law of Faraday. Measurement of conductivity and ways of expressing it. Law of Kohlrausch. Ionic mobility and its relationship with conductivity. Walden's Rule. Transportation numbers and their measurement. Arrhenius theory. Dilution law of Ostwald. Influence of ion-ion interactions on conductivity: Debye-Hückel-Onsager theory. Applications of conductivity measurements.
  • Unit 5: Topic 5 ELECTROCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM: ELECTRODES AND BATTERIES. Function of the electrodes: anode and cathode. Galvanic and electrolytic cells. Nernst equation. Formal potential Types of reversible electrodes. Notation of the galvanic cells. Cells with liquid union. Salt bridge. Electromotive Force of a cell (EMF). Standard electrode potentials. Electrochemical series. Secondary reference electrodes. Types of galvanic cells. Obtaining thermodynamic data from the measurement of the EMF of a cell.
  • Unit 6: Topic 6 KINETICS OF ELECTRODIC REACTIONS. Models of the electrode-electrolyte interface. Ideally polarizable and ideally non-polarizable electrodes. The rate of charge transfer: Butler-Volmer equation. Overpotential. Kinetics of rapid charge transfer: reversible behavior. Approximations of the Butler-Volmer equation.
  • Unit 7: Topic 7 INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORT: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES. APPLICATIONS. Processes governed by diffusion. Types of diffusion. Stationary processes: diffusion layer and diffusion limit current density. Overpotential concentration. Non-stationary processes. Potentiostatic method: Voltametric techniques. Galvanostatic method: Chronopotentiometric techniques. Determination of kinetic parameters. Applications of electrode kinetics. Corrosion. Potential and current of corrosion. Protection against cathodic and anodic corrosion.
  • Unit 8: Topic 8 PRACTICE 1. SURFACE TENSION AND SUPERFICIAL EXCESS. The surface tension of several solutions of a non-electrolyte is measured by a stalagmometer. The results of the variation of the surface tension with the solute concentration are interpreted in terms of the surface excess according to the Gibbs isotherm.
  • Unit 9: Topic 9 PRACTICE 2. DETERMINATION OF THE AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF A POLYMER BY VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS. The viscosity of different solutions of a polymer (cellulose acetate) is determined using an Ostwald viscometer. From the viscosities measured, the specific viscosity of each solution is obtained. The intrinsic viscosity is determined from the appropriate representation of a function of the specific viscosity against the concentration of the polymer. From it and using the Mark-Houwkin-Sakurada equation, the average molecular weight of the polymer is calculated.
  • Unit 10: Topic 10 PRACTICE 3. DETERMINATION OF THE DISSOCIATION CONSTANT OF A WEAK ACID BY CONDUCTIMETRY. The dissociation constant of acetic acid is determined from measurements of the specific conductivity of several solutions of different concentrations. The molar conductivities of the different solutions are calculated and, given the molar conductivity at infinite dilution, the degree of dissociation of the acid is determined by applying the Arrhenius equation. From the appropriate representation of the Ostwald dilution law we obtain, from the ordinate at the origin, the molar conductivity to infinite dilution and from the slope, the dissociation constant. The goodness of the Arrhenius equation is verified using an iterative procedure to calculate the degree of dissociation.
  • Unit 11: Topic 11 PRACTICE 4. GALVANIC BATTERIES: ASSEMBLY AND DETERMINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES FROM MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE. In this practice three types of galvanic batteries are built: a concentration battery in the electrolyte (with silver electrodes, silver nitrate electrolyte and salt bridge of ammonium nitrate), a battery without transport with different electrodes and electrolytes and a standard or Clark battery. The measurement of electromotive force (EMF) of these cells is used to verify the Nernst equation (first cell) and determine the solubility product of the AgCl (second cell). In the case of the Clark battery, the measurement of the EMF at different temperatures between 25 and 45 ºC allows us to determine the variation of enthalpy, entropy and free energy of the chemical reaction of the battery.
7. Activities, Units/Modules and Methodology
Training Activity Methodology Related Competences (only degrees before RD 822/2021) ECTS Hours As Com Description
Class Attendance (theory) [ON-SITE] Lectures E09 E17 G01 G03 1 25 N N Theoreticas lectures dedicated to explaining the contents of the syllabus. The Powerpoint presentations used will be available in the Virtual Campus.
Workshops or seminars [ON-SITE] Problem solving and exercises E17 G02 G03 G04 T11 0.6 15 Y N Questions, seminars and problems previously raised and worked on autonomously by students will be resolved and clarified.
Class Attendance (practical) [ON-SITE] Practical or hands-on activities E14 E15 E16 E17 G02 G04 T11 0.64 16 Y Y The concepts of the syllabus and working methodology of the Physical Chemistry are put into practice in the laboratory. The student learn to handle the basic instrumentation necessary to perform the experiments.
Practicum and practical activities report writing or preparation [OFF-SITE] Self-study G02 G04 T11 0.48 12 Y N Autonomous resolution of the problems or seminars raised.
Writing of reports or projects [OFF-SITE] Self-study G02 G04 T11 0.9 22.5 Y N Study of demostration guide notes and elaboration of the final memory of the laboratory practices.
Study and Exam Preparation [OFF-SITE] Self-study E09 E17 G01 2.22 55.5 Y N Autonomous study of the theoretical contents of the program and its application to solving problems and seminars.
Progress test [ON-SITE] Assessment tests E09 E17 G01 G03 G04 0.16 4 Y N Two written partial exams. The first of the topics 1-4 and the second of the topics 5-7.
Total: 6 150
Total credits of in-class work: 2.4 Total class time hours: 60
Total credits of out of class work: 3.6 Total hours of out of class work: 90

As: Assessable training activity
Com: Training activity of compulsory overcoming (It will be essential to overcome both continuous and non-continuous assessment).

8. Evaluation criteria and Grading System
Evaluation System Continuous assessment Non-continuous evaluation * Description
Final test 0.00% 80.00% Comprehensive exam of the subject
Progress Tests 60.00% 0.00% 30% each of the 2 progress tests.
Assessment of problem solving and/or case studies 20.00% 0.00% The student will perform an exercise proposed by the teacher in a seminar class (1/2 hour). As part of the continuous evaluation, two exercises will be carried out throughout the semester, one of the topics 1-4 and another of the topics 5-7.
Laboratory sessions 20.00% 20.00% Attendance at all practical laboratory sessions is mandatory. The previous preparation of the practices (5%), the work in the laboratory and the corresponding report presented (5%) will be evaluated. There will also be a written test (10%) on the date established for the ordinary / extraordinary call of the subject.
Total: 100.00% 100.00%  
According to art. 4 of the UCLM Student Evaluation Regulations, it must be provided to students who cannot regularly attend face-to-face training activities the passing of the subject, having the right (art. 12.2) to be globally graded, in 2 annual calls per subject , an ordinary and an extraordinary one (evaluating 100% of the competences).

Evaluation criteria for the final exam:
  • Continuous assessment:
    - To pass the course, it will be mandatory to have done and approved the laboratory practices.
    - To pass the continuous evaluation, you must obtain a minimum average grade of 5 points out of 10 with a minimum of 4 points in the progress tests (partial exams) and in the practice exam.
  • Non-continuous evaluation:
    - Students who have not passed the continuous assessment have the possibility of retesting progress on the date established for the ordinary call.
    - For students who have not followed the continuous evaluation, that is, they have not attended the progress tests, the examination of the ordinary call will represent 80% of the grade, with the other 20% being the evaluation of the compulsory laboratory practices.

Specifications for the resit/retake exam:
There will be a written test with theoretical-practical questions corresponding to the whole syllabus of the subject, which will represent 80% of the grade. The remaining 20% will correspond to the evaluation of laboratory practices. The students will keep for this call the grade obtained in the ordinary call in the realization of laboratory practices. In case they have not passed the evaluation of the laboratory practices in the ordinary call they must take the written test of them. To pass the course, it will be mandatory to have done and approved the laboratory practices.
Specifications for the second resit / retake exam:
Same characteristics as the extraordinary call or retake exam.
9. Assignments, course calendar and important dates
Not related to the syllabus/contents
Hours hours

Unit 1 (de 11): Topic 1 SURFACE CHEMISTRY: HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS. The interface: surface tension. Curved interfaces. Capillarity. Thermodynamics of surfaces: Gibbs equation. Adsorption of gases on solids: physisorption and chemisorption. Adsorption isotherms: Langmuir isotherm. Heterogeneous catalysis. Mechanisms of Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 4
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Problem solving and exercises] 2
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 8
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] .6
Group 20:
Initial date: End date: 02/01/1970

Unit 2 (de 11): Topic 2 MACROMOLECULES AND AGGREGATES. Classification of macromolecules. Polymerization mechanisms. Distribution and average values of molar masses. Conformation of macromolecules: models. Characterization techniques of macromolecules in solution. Colloids: classification, structure and stability.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 4
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Problem solving and exercises] 2
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 8
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] .6

Unit 3 (de 11): Topic 3 ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS. Classification of electrolytes. Ion-solvent interactions. Enthalpy and entropy of solvation. Chemical potential of electrolyte solutions. Average ionic activity coefficients. Ion-ion interactions: Debye-Hückel theory. Concentrated solutions. Ionic association.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 3
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Problem solving and exercises] 2
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 6.5
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] .55

Unit 4 (de 11): Topic 4 CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS. Law of Faraday. Measurement of conductivity and ways of expressing it. Law of Kohlrausch. Ionic mobility and its relationship with conductivity. Walden's Rule. Transportation numbers and their measurement. Arrhenius theory. Dilution law of Ostwald. Influence of ion-ion interactions on conductivity: Debye-Hückel-Onsager theory. Applications of conductivity measurements.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 3
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Problem solving and exercises] 2
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 6.5
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] .55

Unit 5 (de 11): Topic 5 ELECTROCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM: ELECTRODES AND BATTERIES. Function of the electrodes: anode and cathode. Galvanic and electrolytic cells. Nernst equation. Formal potential Types of reversible electrodes. Notation of the galvanic cells. Cells with liquid union. Salt bridge. Electromotive Force of a cell (EMF). Standard electrode potentials. Electrochemical series. Secondary reference electrodes. Types of galvanic cells. Obtaining thermodynamic data from the measurement of the EMF of a cell.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 4
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Problem solving and exercises] 2
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 8
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] .6

Unit 6 (de 11): Topic 6 KINETICS OF ELECTRODIC REACTIONS. Models of the electrode-electrolyte interface. Ideally polarizable and ideally non-polarizable electrodes. The rate of charge transfer: Butler-Volmer equation. Overpotential. Kinetics of rapid charge transfer: reversible behavior. Approximations of the Butler-Volmer equation.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 3
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Problem solving and exercises] 2
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 6.5
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] .5

Unit 7 (de 11): Topic 7 INFLUENCE OF TRANSPORT: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES. APPLICATIONS. Processes governed by diffusion. Types of diffusion. Stationary processes: diffusion layer and diffusion limit current density. Overpotential concentration. Non-stationary processes. Potentiostatic method: Voltametric techniques. Galvanostatic method: Chronopotentiometric techniques. Determination of kinetic parameters. Applications of electrode kinetics. Corrosion. Potential and current of corrosion. Protection against cathodic and anodic corrosion.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (theory) [PRESENCIAL][Lectures] 4
Workshops or seminars [PRESENCIAL][Problem solving and exercises] 3
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 4.5
Study and Exam Preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 8
Progress test [PRESENCIAL][Assessment tests] .6

Unit 8 (de 11): Topic 8 PRACTICE 1. SURFACE TENSION AND SUPERFICIAL EXCESS. The surface tension of several solutions of a non-electrolyte is measured by a stalagmometer. The results of the variation of the surface tension with the solute concentration are interpreted in terms of the surface excess according to the Gibbs isotherm.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (practical) [PRESENCIAL][Practical or hands-on activities] 4
Practicum and practical activities report writing or preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 1
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3

Unit 9 (de 11): Topic 9 PRACTICE 2. DETERMINATION OF THE AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF A POLYMER BY VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS. The viscosity of different solutions of a polymer (cellulose acetate) is determined using an Ostwald viscometer. From the viscosities measured, the specific viscosity of each solution is obtained. The intrinsic viscosity is determined from the appropriate representation of a function of the specific viscosity against the concentration of the polymer. From it and using the Mark-Houwkin-Sakurada equation, the average molecular weight of the polymer is calculated.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (practical) [PRESENCIAL][Practical or hands-on activities] 4
Practicum and practical activities report writing or preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 1
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3

Unit 10 (de 11): Topic 10 PRACTICE 3. DETERMINATION OF THE DISSOCIATION CONSTANT OF A WEAK ACID BY CONDUCTIMETRY. The dissociation constant of acetic acid is determined from measurements of the specific conductivity of several solutions of different concentrations. The molar conductivities of the different solutions are calculated and, given the molar conductivity at infinite dilution, the degree of dissociation of the acid is determined by applying the Arrhenius equation. From the appropriate representation of the Ostwald dilution law we obtain, from the ordinate at the origin, the molar conductivity to infinite dilution and from the slope, the dissociation constant. The goodness of the Arrhenius equation is verified using an iterative procedure to calculate the degree of dissociation.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (practical) [PRESENCIAL][Practical or hands-on activities] 4
Practicum and practical activities report writing or preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 1
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3

Unit 11 (de 11): Topic 11 PRACTICE 4. GALVANIC BATTERIES: ASSEMBLY AND DETERMINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES FROM MEASUREMENTS OF THE ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE. In this practice three types of galvanic batteries are built: a concentration battery in the electrolyte (with silver electrodes, silver nitrate electrolyte and salt bridge of ammonium nitrate), a battery without transport with different electrodes and electrolytes and a standard or Clark battery. The measurement of electromotive force (EMF) of these cells is used to verify the Nernst equation (first cell) and determine the solubility product of the AgCl (second cell). In the case of the Clark battery, the measurement of the EMF at different temperatures between 25 and 45 ºC allows us to determine the variation of enthalpy, entropy and free energy of the chemical reaction of the battery.
Activities Hours
Class Attendance (practical) [PRESENCIAL][Practical or hands-on activities] 4
Practicum and practical activities report writing or preparation [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 1
Writing of reports or projects [AUTÓNOMA][Self-study] 3

Global activity
Activities hours
10. Bibliography and Sources
Author(s) Title Book/Journal Citv Publishing house ISBN Year Description Link Catálogo biblioteca
 
Albaladejo, José Apuntes proporcionados por el profesor 2020 Disponible en la Plataforma Campus Virtual  
Atkins, P. W.; De Paula Química Física Editorial Médica Panamericana 2008 8ª Edición  
Atkins, P. W.; De Paula, J.; Keeler, J. Physical Chemistry Oxford University Press 2017  
Bertrán Rusca y J. Núñez Delgado (coord.). Problemas de Química Física Delta Publicaciones 2007  
Bockris, J. y A.K. Reddy ELECTROQUÍMICA MODERNA (Volumen 1 y 2) Reverté 1980 1ªEd.  
Bockris, J.O y A.K. Reddy ELECTROQUÍMICA MODERNA (Volumen 1 y 2) Reverté 2000 2ª Ed. en inglés  
Díaz Peña y A. Roig Muntaner. Química Física Alhambra, Madrid 1980  
Engel, T.; Reid, P. Química Física Pearson Addison Wesley, Madrid 2006  
Levine, I. N. FISICOQUÍMICA McGraw-Hill, 2004 5ª Edición  
Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry McGraw Hill 2008 6th Edition  
Mc.Quarrie, D.A. and Simon, J.D. Physical Chemistry. A molecular approach. University Science Books 1997  



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